Works of Literature
“A Streetcar Named Desire” by Tennessee Williams
“A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner
“Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor
Introduction
As we read (or watch) “A Streetcar Named Desire” by Tennessee Williams, we see themes of desire, sexuality, and social realism happening in this work. While in other works through this unit, we see a common theme of class and social change, we do not see the theme of sexuality and desire that “A Streetcar Named Desire” holds. We see this mostly in the main characters, Blanche and Stanley. The decisions of these characters drive the plot and most importantly, lead the themes of this work. Analyzing the actions of these characters can help us figure out exactly what Tennessee Williams is trying to depict about desire in his play.
Discussion Question
In Tennessee Williams’ “A Streetcar Named Desire”, what do the lives of these character’s tell us about the nature of desire in the twentieth century? And if possible, in what ways how are the themes present in “A Streetcar Named Desire” reflected in other works of this unit? If not applicable, in what ways does “A Streetcar Named Desire” differ from these other works?
sydney poynter 
The lives of the characters in Tennessee Williams’ “A Streetcar Named Desire” show us, in many different ways, that desire in the twentieth century could be destructive. This is shown in both Blanche DuBois’ personality and past, as well as Stanley and Stella’s marriage. The fact that Blanche hides her past of being a promiscuous woman in their old town shows her desire to be respected. She knows that if Stella, Stanley, or any of the other people she meets in New Orleans learn about her past and why she left her last town, they will not treat her the same and will see her in a negative way. Her past in itself as well shows her sexual desires. She wanted to be sought after often, always asking for compliments when she was with Stella, but we learn that before this, she had sexual desires with many of the men in town. This led to her destroying her life in her old town, and even destroying her relationship with Stella a bit, when Stella and Stanley found out and had to get the doctors to come to take her away and help her mentally. Desire also is slightly destructive in Stanley and Stella’s marriage. The first example of this is that Stella falling in love with Stanley led to her moving away from Blanche and their family in Belle Reve, which separated her permanently from her old life there. Another example of desire in their marriage is simply their desire for each other. It is clear how much they love each other by the scene in which Stanley gets drunk and hits Stella, and Stella still goes back to bed with him that evening. Stella loves Stanley so much that she did not want to leave him alone, even after he hurt her. This is destructive because it is not a healthy relationship, but it shows how much desire influences their actions. Desire changes the lives of Stella, Stanley, and Blanche in “A Streetcar Named Desire”, and this shows the destructive aspects of desire in the twentieth century.
Along with the common themes of class and social change throughout Tennessee Williams’ “A Streetcar Named Desire”, “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner, and “Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor, I see a common theme of unveiling characters’ true selves. In “A Streetcar Named Desire”, Blanche is a perfect example of this. When she first arrived in New Orleans, Stanley and Stella were happy with her, and she even hit things off with Mitch. Then, once Stanley got somewhat suspicious and checked her background with people she knew, he realized her true self. She was a promiscuous woman who had left her old town because she was sleeping with many people. She then lied to both Stanley and Stella about many details of her situation. She also lied to Mitch about her past. The unveiling of her real past and self, caused changes in her relationships. Relationships changed similarly in “Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor. In the beginning of this story, Manley Pointer, the bible salesman, appears to be a kind person, with a heart condition similar to Hulga’s. Hulga and Manley bond over this and decide to go on a picnic. However, towards the end of this picnic, Manley Pointer’s true character is unveiled. He opens his bible to show alcohol, condoms, and cards, showing he is not the good Christian boy that he said he was. He then proceeds to take Hulga’s prosthetic leg off, and eventually leave her alone in the loft of the barn, without her leg. He even said that he had stolen a glass eye from another woman in the same way. This dark twist in his character showed his true self, compared to his initially perceived characteristic of being just “good country people”. “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner also has a dark twist and unveiling of a character. Initially, Emily is seen as a kind woman whom the town pities because of her strict father, and then the death of her father. Then the town is happy for her when she finds a lover, Homer. Eventually, after her death, a room is opened in her house. In the room the body of Homer is found dead in a bed, lying in nice pajamas, with a set of silver with his initials on it around him. The reader can then see that Emily poisoned Homer, and then slept in the same bed with him for a certain amount of time. This absurd and dark ending shows the reality of Emily’s character and similarly to Blanche in “A Streetcar Named Desire” as well as Manley in “Good Country People”, unveils her true self.
Works Cited
Levine, Robert S. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Volume II, 1865 to the Present. W. W. Norton & Company, 2017.
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The lives of each of the characters helps to build up the idea that desire leads to the unwarranted demolition of one’s self and those around them. The purpose of A Streetcar Named Desire is to demonstrate that desire leads to the downfall of people. Blanche, one of the main characters, is insecure that her beauty will eventually fade and as a result she dissociates herself from society. Her major desires were men and sex. This is due to her coming from a noble family that she has to leave behind because her home is taken away from her and she doesn’t have any family left in town. Thus, she feels lonely and unprotected which is what caused her desire to act like a noble lady in order to attract the attention of men who will satisfy her momentarily. It was her circumstances that caused her to act in that way, and she was aware that what she was doing wasn’t how she learned to behave. She feels guilty for her actions, and she later faces the consequences in asylum. I think the premise of A Streetcar Named Desire is relatively similar to A Rose for Emily. I think Emily wanted to marry Homer just like Blanche wanted to marry Mitch, however, Emily seems to follow through with the marriage while Blanche’s never happens. I think both Emily and Blanche didn’t want marriage out of love but for other personal reasons. Blanche’s late husband commits suicide while, it appears that Emily poisons Homer. I think desire is an important theme in both plots because Emily wants someone to be with her so much that she’d kill him for the sake of having him there “willingly” while Blanche also tries to achieve what she desires and, in the end, they both lead rather depressing lives. I think both characters maintained some sort of mental instability and I believe it has to do with their environment and circumstances.
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Great Question, Sydney. As readers, the first implication of desire we see is when Blanche arrives near Stella’s apartment and tells Eunice “[t]hey told me to take a street-car named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries.” Naming these streetcars this way makes me suspect that Tennessee Williams wanted to imply that desire and death are closely related and that desire may bring about death and misfortune. Williams demonstrates this idea with Blanche’s character and life. Blanche is afraid of growing old and dying and her fear is apparent in her search to satisfy her desires with younger men. For example, Blanche kissed the young man who was collecting newspaper fees and she was fired for “[getting] mixed up with” a seventeen-year-old boy at the school she taught at. Thus, it is no surprise that Blanche thinks that she can stay young if she has relationships with younger men. Additionally, it is important to note that Blanche’s desires and sexuality ultimately caused undoing, as she was rejected and ostracised by society.
Williams also draws a link between desire and death through Blanche’s husband. Blanche reprimanded and chided him for his sexuality and desires, and this eventually led to his suicide. As the textbook acknowledges, there is also a strong link between desire and loneliness. After her husband’s death, Blanch surely became extremely lonely. She desired companionship and she narrowed that to a search for pleasure from men. She desperately searches for a new husband and settles for Mitch even though he is below her social class. After Mitch rescinds his marriage proposal, Blanche immediately and delusionally searches for another man who will fulfill her.
The central theme of “A Streetcar Named Desire” is unique compared to the literature I have read from this unit thus far. The theme of desire and sexuality is bold for this time and I haven’t seen many works that explore this taboo subject. However, I have seen some supporting themes from “A Streetcar Named Desire” reflected in other pieces of literature. For example, the conflicted and ambiguous personalities of the main characters present in both “A Streetcar Named Desire” and “The Good Country People.”
Works Cited
Levine, Robert S. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Volume II, 1865 to the Present. W. W. Norton & Company, 2017.
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The twentieth-century nature of desire in Williams’ three main characters is just the same as they are now as they were in 1947, especially sexual desire. The one thing that has changed since then is the acceptance of a variety of appetites. But that is a different topic. To answer your question, the nature of desire in the twentieth century is just the same as it’s ever been.
Back to the nature of desire, let’s start with Stanley. I don’t think his desires are hard to figure out. He likes women. He’s a misogynist and a rapist, but those have nothing to do with desire and everything to do with control.
Stella, much like Stanley, it’s pretty simple; she desires Stanley.
Blanche is the one with a trunk-full of desire issues. Blanche desires to be desired. Primarily, she desires men only so that they desire her. Being desired is her security and her identity. She arrives in New Orleans with barely either of those, and it only gets worse.
Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire., 1974. Print.
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The usage of the concept of desire as a theme throughout “A Streetcar Named Desire” reflects upon the somewhat two-sided nature of the taboo surrounding many lifestyles in the early-to-mid nineteenth century. The women are chastised for being lustful and succumbing to their desires, while men like Stanley receive no consequences for heinous acts like the gaslighting and rape of Blanche. Williams’ play is almost certainly meant to reflect upon these double-standards present during the time and to attempt to persuade the audience that desire itself can be dangerous if given into to heavily but should not be condemned entirely either. Furthermore, I feel that there is a common theme of succumbing to desire throughout the works in this section. In “Good Country People”, the desire to present oneself as better than one really is becomes a crucial central theme, while in “A Rose for Emily”, the titular woman gives into her desire for a male figure in her life to the point of killing a man and cuddling his corpse. I think this is a reflection of the very reserved nature of Southern culture at the time, where pure Christian morality was the focal point of almost all communities. Giving in to many forms of desire would likely be seen as impure or improper during the era. As such, the writers sought to comment upon the society they lived in.
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The lives of the characters in “A Streetcar Named Desire” portray the nature of sexual desire as overwhelming and more public in the twentieth century. For example, Blanche seems to perceive herself as an object of male desire; her interactions with men almost always involve flirting with them. In “A Streetcar Named Desire”, a young man comes to collect money for the paper and Blanche aggressively flirts and even assaults him. The young man kept trying to awkwardly leave but Blache keeps talking to him, eventually saying “Come here. I want to kiss you… [without waiting for him to accept]” (Levine 1152). This overwhelming desire that Blanche has for several men shows the nature of desire in the twentieth century – prior to the twentieth century, women could not be so open about their sexual desires.
The theme of desire is reflected in the other provided short stories, the desire portrayed is not only sexual. In “A Rose for Emily”, Emily has this strong desire to find love and get married – the extent she went to in order to fulfill her desire is insane. A desire for love still shares the same theme as “A Streetcar Named Desire”, it is just another aspect. I think “Good Country People” has a very similar theme to “A Rose for Emily”; the women in each story are desperate for love. Helga in “Good Country People” just wants to be loved by someone – even if it’s a man she only recently met.
Works Cited
Williams, Tennessee. “A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Norton Anthology American Literature: 1865 to Present, edited by Robert S. Levine, 9th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton Anthology, 2017, pp. 1152.
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When I read the question, I was confused by what “nature of desire” meant. However, “A Streetcar Named Desire” is different from the other stories we have read. In this story, the audience learns that Blanche has had several instances where her inappropriate actions resulted in her having to leave. For example, Blanche was fired when she was a teacher because she was having a sexual relationship with a student. Also, Blanche had to leave the Flamingo Hotel, which was where she was staying after she lost the DuBois mansion, because of her inappropriate actions. One theme that I could see between “A Streetcar Named Desire” and “A Rose for Emily,” is death. Blanche’s husband had committed suicide, and Emily’s father had passed away, in addition to Emily murdering Homer. Another common theme between those two pieces of literature could be how Emily and Blanche depend on men. Emily seemed to be attached herself to Homer and (I assume) he rejected her she did not want to let him go, resulting in his death. Similarly, Blanche seemed to be filling a void by sleeping with men and having relations.
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The lives of the characters in “A Streetcar Named Desire” by Tennessee Williams reveal that desire makes people do crazy things. After Stanley hits Stella, Stella still goes back to him that night because she loves and desires him that much and is more than willing to look past his anger and abuse.
Blanche also desired love. After her husband’s suicide, she “had many intimacies with strangers” because she was “hunting for some protection” (1169). She desired protection after witnessing that horrible event, and as a result left a stain on her reputation. Later, she desired Mitch’s love and wanted to marry him. She did everything she could to attract him, such as not telling him her age and never meeting him in the daylight so that he would not be turned off by her older age and looks.
Stanley also had a few desires. His biggest one was to get rid of Blanche because he did not like her one bit. He dug up as much dirt about her as he could to turn Stella and Mitch against her, and even raped her as a power move.
Some of these themes are also present in the other stories in this unit. In “A Rose for Emily,” Emily desires companionship and love, which causes her to kill Homer Barron and sleep next to his corpse for a long time. Though her actions were completely different, her desire is similar to Blanche’s as they both try to get companionship and love. Blanche’s desires are also similar to one of Hulga’s in “Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor. Both desire a guy and lie about their age to further attract him. Blanche does so by letting Mitch assume her age, whereas Hulga flat out lies about hers.
Works Cited:
Williams, Tennessee. “A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert S. Levine, shorter 9th ed., vol. 2, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, pp. 1119-1181.
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I am not entirely sure what the lives of Tennessee Williams’ characters tell us about the nature of desire in the twentieth century other than their pursuits of desire proved catastrophic. Every relationship portrayed is rife with violence or loss. Blanche’s promiscuity led to the loss of the family home. Stanley beats Stella and is unable to contain his rage and ends in the rape of Blanche, causing her to lose her sanity as she becomes unable to tell the difference between fantasy and reality.
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The nature of desire in the 20th Century was one that represented loneliness. In Williams’, “A Streetcar Named Desire” we see the character Blanche who is a woman who lost her husband and now she desperately looks for another companion. Her so-called desire forces her into insanity as towards the end of the story she talks about her supposedly soon-to-be fiance Mr. Shep Huntleigh. She says that he “invit[ed her] on a cruise of the Caribbean” (1172). It is clear to both the reader and Stanley (the man she is talking to) that it is all in her head and she is in denial after losing Mitch. This story almost has the message of karma coming to bite you in the back because Blanche really lost everything that was going for her due to how horribly she treated her husband. Her desire for the perfect companion led her only companion to suicide and later in her life, that same tragic story caused the lost of another mate.
This theme of lying and deceiving those around you was also seen in Flannery O’Connor’s “Good Country People”. We see Hulga and her mother both lying to each other as well as the society around them seem as though nothing was wrong. This is similar to Blanche’s situation. We also see Pointer who sort of manipulates the story while also having a dark past. I found Stanley to mirror the actions of Pointer because Stanley himself did awful things and in my opinion they were worse than Blanche because he was never sorry for what he did. Pointer was similar because his intentions to look faithful weren’t exactly morally correct while Mrs. Hopewell truly just wanted to be accepted in society.
I liked this story because it was unique and raw and told the audience a good message even with a tragic story. The harsh ending is what helps readers understand the message loud and clear. I feel like your questions worked really well with the main idea and allowed for us to discuss a difficult topic with ease.
Works Cited
O’Connor, Flannery. “The Norton Anthology of American Literature.” Good Country People, edited by Robert Levine, Shorter Ninth, vol. 2, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1372.
Williams, Tennessee. “The Norton Anthology of American Literature.” A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Robert Levine, Shorter Ninth, vol. 2, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1172.
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Many of the characters in “A Streetcar Named Desire”, by Tenessee Williams, have desires that are in line with the wants of those living in the 20th century. For example, Stella has a strong sexual desire that is fulfilled by her husband. In addition, she has her financial needs met by being with him. These two aspects of their relationship, to her, override his violent actions he unfolds when things do not go his way. Stanley’s desire to keep himself at the top of his family’s hierarchy makes him burst out into fits of violent rage when it doesn’t happen. This occurs at the poker game and when Blanche confronts him. Lastly, Blanche’s desires lie in her sexual desires and class status. She has very strong sexual desires that she knows she can use to get what she wants. She also lies in order to keep from knowing some of her truths.
Many of the desires I have described were very prevalent in 20th century life. Many men were seen as the providers of the family and thus have the desire to prove themselves to be the “alpha males”. Women desired to have a stable home life as well as have their personal needs met (including sexual ones).
There are some similarities in this work when compared to “Good Country People” by Flannery O’Connor. In both of these stories, characters put on facades in order to fool those around them into thinking that they are something that they are not. In “A Streetcar Named Desire”, Blanche tells many lies in order to keep others from thinking badly of her. For example, she lies about her leave from work, her age, and her drinking habits. When confronted, she exclaims, “I don’t want realism. I want magic … I don’t tell the truth, I tell what ought to be truth”(1169). This reveals that she is, in fact, lying to seem more like her ideal self. In “Good Country People”, O’Connor explores a theme of inauthenticity. In the story, Mrs. Hopewell says, “I keep my Bible by my bedside table”(1372). This is a lie that is meant to show the Bible salesman that she is a good, Christian woman. In both of these pieces, lies are told with the intent to paint the liar as a better version of themselves; therefore, this theme reflects on society in the 20th century and how it seemed as though everyone had a persona.
Another theme present in “A Streetcar Named Desire” is the desire for a distraction from death. Another work that displays this is “A Rose for Emily”. In “A Rose for Emily”, by William Faulkner, Emily is distraught over her father’s death and eventually uses a dead body to comfort her in order to relieve her of her lament. Similarly, in “A Streetcar Named Desire”, Blanche uses fornication as a means of escaping the reality of her husband’s death long ago.
Works Cited:
Faulkner, William. “A Rose for Emily.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert S. Levine, Shorter Ninth, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1009-1015.
O’Connor, Flannery. “Good Country People.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert S. Levine, Shorter Ninth, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1367 – p. 1380.
Williams, Tennessee. “A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert S. Levine, Shorter Ninth, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1119 – p. 1181.
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In “A Streetcar Named Desire” the lives of the character’s tell us many things. Blanche desires to be wealthy and seen as though she has status. This drives her to almost lose her sanity, while working as a teacher. Her sister Stella on the other hand desires to have a happy life. Her small little home may not seem like much to Blanche when she comes to visit, but it does its job of providing a roof over her and her husband’s head. It is hard for Blanche to see how her sister can live in such a place especially after she watches Stanley beat her. The desires of this story are to have a normal life, which shows differently to every character.
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Blanche is in a society where there is a very straight forward road for love and desire. For example, one must be with someone of similar race and of the opposite gender. One must also be on the same step of the society ladder. Blanche had a difficult time being able to be true to her desires. While Stanley was an abusive husband and got to give into his desires through sexual harassment. The fact that Stanley acted on his desires and Blanche was too afraid to, shows the different mentalities of men versus women in the twentieth century. Men did not think they would get consequences while women feared what would happen if they acted.
“A Streetcar Named Desire” relates to the authenticity that is a prevalent theme in “Good Country People”. In “A Streetcar Named Desire”, Blanche’s society has rigid standards for love and desires, while Blanche is not able to truly be herself in that environment. In “Good Country People”, Faulkner compares the way in which people wish to be perceived versus the way they are. For example, Mrs. Hopewell lying about the Bible on her nightstand because she wants to be perceived as a very devoted Christian.
Works Cited
Levine, Robert S. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Volume II, 1865 to the Present. W. W. Norton & Company, 2017.
Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire.
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I feel like the lives of the characters within “The Streetcar Named Desire” are meant to show us how desire was something easily given into during the twentieth century. This is shown especially in Blanche’s relationship with Mitch, as through their loneliness and their desire for another’s companionship, Blanche and Mitch start dating quickly, only to have it just as quickly broken off when Stanley tells Mitch about the rumors surrounding Blanche. Stanley also shows how people would easily give in to their desires as he checks as much as possible into Blanche’s background before she got to New Orleans displayed when he goes around talking of the rumors he learned of Blanche. Not to say he didn’t have cause to be suspicious of her, as she did come with many rich things, but his wife Stella basically asked him not to think to investigate her or anything like that and he still gave in to his desire to do so. I don’t think these themes are really applicable in either of the other works of the unit, and I think this mainly has to do with the setting of the works. While “A Streetcar Named Desire” is placed in New Orleans, the rest of the literature is set in unknown counties or the country. While some might say that people in the countries might give in to their desires even more than in cities, I would argue that mob peer pressure that somewhat comes just from living in a big city like New Orleans definitely contributes to people giving in to desire more there than if you lived in the country. Also, I think that these themes are not explored as much in the other works because it is not what the other works are about. The word desire is literally in the title of this piece, so it somewhat signifies it is going to be a little bit about desire, however, the other works focus on different things, specifically, personas in “Good Country People”, and the decline of the sanity of a woman in “A Rose For Emily”. Being this logical about it is not great for the discussion but I think it is a fair point when saying that the other works didn’t focus on desire or giving into it nearly as much as “A Streetcar Named Desire” did.
Works Cited
Williams, Tennessee. “A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Norton Anthology American Literature: 1865 to Present, edited by Robert S. Levine, 9th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton Anthology, 2017, pp. 1117-1181.
Faulkner, William. “A Rose for Emily.” The Norton Anthology American Literature: 1865 to Present, edited by Robert S. Levine, 9th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton Anthology, 2017, pp. 1009–15.
O’Connor, Flannery. “Good Country People.” The Norton Anthology American Literature: 1865 to Present, edited by Robert S. Levine, 9th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton Anthology, 2017, pp. 1367–1380.
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Great question! From the beginning of this play, Blanche and Stanley favored different aspects in life and it was evident that these characters were different in living situations. Blanche was forced out of Mississippi because she was compelled to quit teaching as an English teacher. She had a terrible past and came to her sister’s place to find a place to stay. Her ex husband turned out to be homosexual and he died from suicide. Blanche was traumatized having set qualifications of dating a guy based on social class and now strictly gender relationships.
She had sexual desires that did not turn out so well. Readers identified the ramifications of Blanche’s actions when acting on her desires in the form of restricted choices of sexual partners. One example included Stanley’s improper treatment of his wife serving as a negative example of healthy relationships. Blanche fails to come to the truth with her true desires causing her to gravitate towards the wrong guys for her. Blanche fails to see that she does not need a guy for her well-being. Stanley’s desire was already given to him but he wanted Blanche. He was revealed to be an insensitive person while completing his desire.
“Good Country People” parallels the theme in “A Streetcar Named Desire” when the readers focus on the sexuality and desire theme. In a way, the Bible Salesman desired to have a sexual connection with Hulga just like Stanley did to Blanche. Both Stanley and the Bible Salesman knew about Blanche and Hulga’s emotional past like Blanche’s ex-husband and Hulga’s artificial leg. Driven by different motives, both Blanche and Hulga liked something from Stanley and the Bible Salesman because they had what they haven’t had before. This theme is not present in a lot of other works, but I managed to figure out how that theme correlates in a piece of literature during the 1950s.
I did not quite see that when I first read this story but now I do after reading your interpretation! I do agree with your interpretation of “Good Country People.” This story does give a striking contrast between Joy/Hulga and her mother, Mrs. Hopewell. Mrs. Hopewell’s character stayed traditional during this time period. She looked at social class and gossiped about others just like other people did during this time. Mrs. Hopewell exemplified the role of average mothers at the time by focusing on her superiority. The difference between the names itself gives a clear contrast between the different personas she created when going from Joy to Hulga. Hulga was educated and had a passion for philosophy. She was intelligent having pursued a degree in philosophy. This in females is not common back then because females were only supposed to be stay-at-home mothers without any type of education. Due to her health conditions, she started to get angry and annoyed since she could not leave the house often and it was hard to move around due to her prosthetic leg. She started to switch her persona and developed an ugly side to herself. She became a more modern type of female in producing her constructive criticisms and countered the average female back in the day (sweet, nice, and innocent) especially when she wanted to seduce the Bible Salesman. I also see this same problem for the Bible Salesman. He was the only male character in this story and from the outside, he was a sweet and innocent boy that was selling bibles. This was the stereotype for boys back then in the day. However, he turned out to be a selfless human being when he was not actually religious and only wanted the money to buy other inappropriate items like condoms and alcohol.
Work Cited:
O’Connor, Flannery. “Good Country People.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert S. Levine, Shorter Ninth, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1367 – p. 1380.
Williams, Tennessee. “A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert S. Levine, Shorter Ninth, W. W. Norton & Company, 2017, p. 1119-1181.
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